论卢卡奇《小说理论》的乌托邦构想——以艺术形式回溯总体性

On the Utopian Conception of Lukács's Fiction Theory——Tracing the Totality in Art Form

《小说理论》是卢卡奇在对一战局势的绝望情绪中脱稿的,此时他从受康德的影响转向受黑格尔的影响,他试图通过艺术的形式,召唤那个人与自然、人与自身和谐共处的总体性时代。但现实与理想的分裂、个体与心灵的脱节已经成为乌托邦破灭的事实,故《小说理论》试图在文本中构想出一个乌托邦,一方面体现为对史诗形式的追溯,即回溯式寻梦;另一方面体现为对现代悲剧形式的批判,最后则是对小说形式的期待,即对未来的展望。

Fiction Theory was written by Lukács under the desperate mood in World War I.At that time,he changed from being influenced by Kant to being influenced by Hegel.He tried to summon the totality era of harmony between man and nature,man and himself through the form of art.However,the split between reality and ideal,the disconnection between individual and soul have become a fact that Utopia has been shattered.Therefore,Fiction Theory attempts to conceive a utopia in the text.On one hand,it reflects in the trace of the epic form,that is,retrospective dream.On the other hand,it reflects in the criticism of the modern tragedy form.The last part is the expectation of the form of the novel,which is the outlook for the future.