从一线教师到一流教师:荣誉教师的诞生——以美国“国家年度教师”项目评审为例

From Front-line Teachers to First-class Teachers: The Birth of Honored Teacher——A Study on the Evaluation of “National Teacher of the Year” in America

美国的"国家年度教师"(NTOY)项目是西方教师荣誉制度的典型代表,为提升美国教师荣誉感和促进其教师行业的发展作出了重大贡献。NTOY项目有一套完整的教师荣誉体系,尤其在荣誉教师评审方面有着独特经验:如构建了专业公正的评审团队、多元具体的评审标准和严格规范的评审程序。NTOY项目在美国发挥了巨大的影响力,主要体现在激发教师们的职业热情,宣传交流卓越的教学经验和引领教学模式的改革等方面。通过对NTOY项目的梳理分析,可为我国一流教师评审制度的完善提供有益借鉴,即构建严格规范的国家荣誉教师体系、完善公平公正的评审制度、建立科学可行的评审标准、营造尊师重教的社会氛围和覆盖不同类型参评主体。

The National Teacher of the Year(NTOY)in America is the representative honour system for western teachers which has made significant contributions to enhancing the sense of honor of American teachers and promoting the development of American teacher profession.NTOY program has a set of comprehensive honor system for teachers with its unique experience in evaluating honored teachers.For instance,the system has developed a team of professional and impartial judges,the plural and specific evaluation standards and a series of strict evaluation procedures.In America,the NTOY program has exerted tremendous influence mainly in stimulating the professional enthusiasm of teachers,promoting and exchanging outstanding teaching experience and reforming teaching models.The analysis of NTOY program has extracted five points of inspirations for Chinese evaluation systems of honored teachers to draw on and refer to,which are to establish a strict and standardized national honored teacher system,improve impartial evaluation system,set up scientific and feasible evaluation standards,foster the social ambience to respect teachers and include different types of participating subjects in the evaluation.