规范行为:生物本能vs.社会实践——兼论维特根斯坦的“遵守规则”理论

Language norms: Biological instinct or social practice——Remarks on Wittgenstein's training theory

形成规范的原因是什么呢?人们的规范行为是来自先天的生物本能,还是来自后天的社会实践或训练呢?还原论者认为在原则上科学理论能够解释我们的规范行为,或者说我们的行为可由因果关系来解释。但后期维特根斯坦认为,人类的规范行为无法由因果关系来解释,而只能由外在的社会实践来解释,他主张人类的规范行为就是从本能的模式支配行为向自发的遵守规则行为转换。因此,主要考查维特根斯坦与还原论者观点之异同,主张人们的规范行为不是来自科学的因果推论或生物本能,而是来自社会实践。

What is the reason for norms’construction?Does human’s standard behaviors come from the innate biological behavior or from social practice or training?Reductionist holds that scientific principles can explain our standard behaviors in principle,or that our actions can be explained by causality.But later Wittgenstein believes that human standard behaviors cannot be explained by a causal relationship,but only can be explained by external social practice,he asserts that human standard behaviors is just transfer from human instinct behaviors to rules following spontaneously.Therefore,this article mainly investigates the similarities and differences between Wittgenstein and reductionist,and concludes that normative behavior does not come from scientific causal reasoning or from human instinct,but from social practice.