完善我国涉外民事诉讼管辖权分析

Discussing Improvement of China's International Civil Jurisdiction

随着经济的发展,各国之间的交流互动使得涉外纠纷不断增加,国家涉外民事诉讼管辖权问题越来越成为各国关注的焦点,管辖权的确定及法律适用不仅影响对诉讼当事人的赔偿结果,有时还牵涉国家主权问题。在对涉外民事诉讼管辖权进行法理分析的基础上,梳理我国涉外民事诉讼管辖权现状,并发现相关领域法律及制度存在单轨制和双轨制的冲突、法条编排存在不足、涉外管辖相关法律规定空缺、法官自由裁量权不均衡和现有涉外管辖权的规定过于混乱、宽泛等问题。在对美国、德国、日本和欧盟等国家或地区涉外民事诉讼管辖权现状分析的基础上,结合中国实际情况提出设立涉外空难索赔特殊管辖程序、建立类似"长臂管辖"制度、完善中国国际民事诉讼管辖权制度和对宽泛管辖进行限制等完善我国涉外民事诉讼管辖权的构想,以期为我国相关领域法律制度建设更好、更科学地与世界接轨提供参考。

With the development of the economy,the exchanges between countries have led to an increase in foreign-related disputes.The issue of foreign-related civil jurisdiction has increasingly become the focus of attention of all countries.The determination of jurisdiction and the application of law not only affect the compensation results of litigants,but also involve national sovereignty issues.Based on the legal analysis of the jurisdiction of foreign-related civil litigation,the article sorts out the status quo of China's foreign-related civil litigation jurisdiction,and finds many problems,such as the conflict between the mono-track system and the dual-track system in the relevant fields and laws,defects in the arrangement of the law,vacancies in the relevant laws of foreign-related jurisdictions,the discretion of judges,confusing,broad provisions of existing foreign jurisdictions and so on.Based on the analysis of the status quo of foreign-related civil jurisdictions in the United States,Germany,Japan and the European Union,the article proposes the following ideas to improve the jurisdiction of foreign-related civil litigation in China:the establishment of special jurisdiction procedures for foreign-related air crash claims,establishing a system similar to the"long arm jurisdiction",improving China's international civil litigation jurisdiction system,and restricting the broad jurisdiction,in order to provide a reference for the better and more scientific integration of the legal system in China's related fields with the world.