健康绩效导向的中国城市绿色空间转型策略

Transformation Strategy of Urban Green Space in China from a Healthy City Perspective

健康城乡建设被认为是实现“健康中国”战略的重要策略之一,但目前仍停留在侧重公共卫生资源考核模式,较少关注城市空间资源的规划配置。国内针对城市绿色空间与公共健康关联的研究多聚焦于技术性问题,鲜有探究城市绿色空间规划管理系统与促进公共健康目标之间的关联匹配。本文以城市绿色空间为研究对象,回顾公共健康概念起源、其与城市绿色空间的历史渊源、城市绿色空间的健康效益及影响评估,详细分析中国城市绿地管控的健康内涵、世卫组织倡导的健康绿色空间策略,并提出中国城市绿地健康转型的思考。本研究初步构建“从城市绿地系统到城市健康绿色空间”的理论模型框架:倡议以邻近性的内涵拓展传统城市绿地系统空间布局的可达性;转变覆被结构的环境美化功能的主导地位,增加其环境生态效益评估;以主动活动激发为衡量场所品质的重要指针,拓展传统较为被动的活动支持。在研究框架基础上,进一步为中国城市健康绿色空间发展提出了公共健康价值观树立、公共健康绩效体系构建、影响评估体系确立等建议。

Healthy urban-rural development is regarded as an important strategy for building “Healthy China”. However, the current practice mainly focuses on promoting public health resources, with limited concerns on the management of urban spatial resources. Domestic researches pay close attention to technical issues, with limited attempts to explore the systematic relationship between the management of urban green space and the promotion of public health. Taking the urban green space as the research object, this paper reviews the concept of public health and its historical origins with the urban green space, and expounds the health benefit and impact assessments of urban green space. The paper then analyzes the health contents of China’s current urban green land management and the healthy green space strategy promoted by the World Health Organization. A theatrical model is proposed to transform China’s urban green space system through the introduction of three concepts: proximity, environmental performance, and activity stimulation. In the end, based on the research framework, the paper puts forward some suggestions for developing healthy urban green space in China, including promoting the value system of urban green space supporting public health, establishing a public health performance system, and building a health impact assessment system for urban green space.