基于复杂适应性系统“涌现”的“城市人”理论拓展

Development of “Homo Urbanicus” Theory Based on the “Emergence” of Complex Adaptive System

“城市人”理论作为当前中国城乡规划领域的前沿理论,受到国内外学者广泛关注。本文在回顾既有理论脉络的基础上,将其与复杂适应性系统中的核心概念——“涌现”建立联系,从人居系统结构的形成与演化等方面对理论框架进行拓展。首先,“城市人”为了获取最优空间接触机会,必然会追求更高效的机会匹配、更优质的信息传播和更少的接触耗损,进而会依据供需关系选择生存在具备一定规模的聚居之中,静态人居系统结构也就由一系列类似的、符合不同供需目标“城市人”共同理想的聚居构成;其次,既往人居系统结构的多线程下向因果力、“城市人”自身行为惯例和人与环境相互作用是“城市人”选择聚居,追求自存—共存平衡的核心驱动力,也推动人居系统的不断运转。在此基础上,本文认为:在城市规划与空间治理中,应强调塑造以自存—共存平衡为导向的交融型城市、以规模经济动态优化为导向的效率型城市以及以适应性为导向的关系型城市。

As the current frontier theory of China’s urban and rural planning,“homo urbanicus” theory has received extensive attention from domestic and foreign scholars. On the basis of reviewing its theoretical context, this paper connect this original theory with “emergence”, which is the core concept of Complex Adaptive System Theory, and expands the theoretical framework in terms of the formation and evolution of the typical human settlement structure. First of all, more efficient opportunity matching, better information dissemination, and less contact loss will make “homo urbanicus” obtain optimal spatial contact opportunities, which enables them to choose to live in the human settlements in a certain scale. The static human settlement structure consists of a series of similar settlements. Secondly, the multi-thread downward causation of previous human settlements, the routine behavior of “homo urbanicus”, and the interaction between “homo urbanicus” and environment are the core driving forces for “homo urbanicus” to choose to inhabit and pursue the balance between self-existence and coexistence, which also promotes the operation of the human settlement system. On this basis, this paper holds that in urban planning and space governance, efforts should be made to build a mixing city oriented towards the balance between self-existence and coexistence, an efficient city oriented towards the dynamic optimization of economies of scale, and a relational city oriented towards adaptability.