农业农村改革40年主要经验及其对乡村振兴的启示

Major Experiences of Agricultural and Rural Reform over the Past 40 Years and Its Enlightenment to Rural Revitalization

纵览农业农村改革四十年的历程,有两条经验最为关键,即赋权和市场化。主要表现在:推行家庭承包责任制,赋予农民土地承包权与经营自主权;逐步赋予农民流转土地经营权的权利,建立并完善土地经营权市场;改革农村集体经营性资产的产权制度,赋予农民对集体资产的股份权能;改革农产品购销体制与价格形成机制,从计划管制、双轨制到逐步推进市场化;放开农村劳动力政策,实现农村劳动力要素市场化;放松农村投资限制,乡镇企业整合凝聚各类资源促进农村经济全面搞活。加快乡村振兴,应进一步赋权,改革农村土地制度与集体产权制度,建立健全农村产权制度与交易市场;进一步推进市场化,改革粮食最低收购价政策,建立健全以市场为取向的粮食价格形成机制与收储制度。

Throughout the 40-year course of agricultural and rural reform,there are two key experiences:empowerment and marketization.The main manifestations are as follows:carrying out the household contract responsibility system,giving farmers the right of land contract and management autonomy;gradually giving farmers the right to transfer the right of land management,establishing and improving the market of land management rights;reforming the property right system of rural collective operating assets,giving farmers the right to share in collective assets;reforming the system of purchasing and selling agricultural products and the mechanism of price formation,from the planned control and dual-track system to the gradual promotion of marketization;liberalizing the rural labor policy to realize the marketization of rural labor factors;relaxing the restrictions on rural investment,integrating and agglomerating various resources of township enterprises to promote the overall revitalization of rural economy.To speed up the rural revitalization,we should further empower,reform the rural land system and collective property rights system,establish and improve the rural property rights system and trading market.We need to further marketoriented,reform the minimum purchase price policy for grain,and establish and improve the market-oriented grain price formation mechanism and storage system.