青钱柳叶片中活性成分含量的年动态变化

Dynamic Change of Active Components in Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus

以人工栽培的5年生青钱柳Cyclocarya paliurus为研究对象,通过对4-9月不同月份采集的青钱柳叶片中黄酮、多糖、三萜及黄酮类化合物的含量测定,分析叶片中主要活性成分的累积变化规律。结果表明:青钱柳叶片中黄酮含量最高为5月份达4.28%,最低的为6月份为3.16%,5月份的黄酮含量与6,7月间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),与4,8月间存在显著差异(P<0.05),而与9月间无显著差异;青钱柳叶片中多糖含量以嫩叶期的4月份为最高,且与其它月份间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),随着季节变化总体表现出先下降再缓慢上升的变化规律;青钱柳叶片中的总皂甙含量4-9月一直呈现上升趋势,至9月含量最高达16.47%;叶片中的黄酮类化合物异槲皮甙含量远高于槲皮素和山奈酚含量,6个采样期的平均值占总黄酮平均值的14.23%,且与总黄酮表现出相似的变化规律。从青钱柳叶片中主要活性成分的动态变化来看,以黄酮和多糖含量为指标的采收季节应以4,5月为佳,而以皂甙含量为指标的采收季节应以9月为佳。

Collection of 5-year Cyclocarya paliurus leaves were conducted from April to September of 2017 at cultivation base of artificial C.paliurus forest in Quzhou of Zhejiang province.Determination and analysis was made on total flavonoids,polysaccharides,triterpenoids and flavonoid compounds in leaves.The results showed that the highest content of total flavonoids was 4.28%in May,and the lowest was 3.16% in June.There was extremely significant differences of flavonoid content in May with that in June and July,significant differences with that in April and August.The content of polysaccharides in leaves was the highest in April,and there was significant difference with in the other months.Total saponins content had trend of increase in leaves from April to September,16.47%,the highest in September.The content of isoquercetin was much higher than that of quercetin and kaempferol in leaves,the mean of 6 months samples occupied 14.23%of total flavonoids and showed a similar dynamic change of total flavonoids.According to the dynamic changes of main active constituents,the best period for leaf collection was in April and May for much content of flavonoids and polysaccharides,while in September for saponins.