19世纪60年代北高加索穆斯林山民向土耳其移民的动因分析——基于“推-拉理论”的分析视角

An Analysis on the Emigration Motivation of the Russian Muslim Mountaineers from the North Caucasus to Turkey in the 1860s Based on the“Push-Pull”Theory

高加索战争结束后,北高加索穆斯林山民大规模向土耳其移民是诸多因素相互作用导致的结果,其中包括高加索战争带来的影响、北高加索土地问题的尖锐化、俄国当局的推动、土耳其和英国等国密使在山民中进行的反俄宣传、山区封建主的威逼利诱等。在"推力"与"拉力"相互作用中,前者是主要的,即沙皇政府在北高加索推行的殖民政策是导致大规模移民现象产生的最重要因素。

A variety of reasons led to the large-scale emigration of Russian Muslim Mountain People from Northern Caucasus to Turkey after the Caucasus War.Based on the Push-Pull Theory,the push factors mainly include influence of the Caucasus War,sharpening of the agrarian issue in Ciscaucasia and promote of the Russian authorities.While the pull factors mainly include the anti-Russia propaganda among the mountain people by the secret envoys from Turkey and Britain,and the coercion and bribery of the feudal lords of the area.Under the interaction of the push and pull factors,the former is primary.That is,it was the Tsar government s colonial policy in Northern Caucasus that led to the massive emigration in the area.