长春市内河黑臭水体淤泥中重金属污染分布规律探讨

Study on the Distribution of Heavy metal pollution in the Silt of Black and Smelly water in Changchun

长春市是东北重要的重工业城市,城市黑臭水体淤泥中的重金属污染不仅影响城市生态环境而且危害人体健康。以长春市内主要的7条黑臭水体淤泥为研究对象,采集淤泥样本1 552组,运用地质积累指数法将8种重金属含量统一量化后,通过内梅罗综合指数法分析长春市淤泥重金属污染状况,并以Arc GIS为操作平台,绘制空间分布图。结果表明:市内黑臭水体中的淤泥均有不同程度的重金属污染。主要重金属污染物为汞、锌、铬、铅、镉、铜,污染程度依次为:锌>汞>镉>铜>铅>铬;重金属综合污染指数在不同流域内存在明显差异性,各污染带并呈连续状分布,其中位于工业区的串湖流域污染程度最高,城郊及上游汇水区域污染程度较低,具有"中心高,周边低"的特点。研究成果对城市清淤及水环境治理具有重要意义。

Changchun is an important city of heavy industry in Northeast of China.The heavy metal pollution in the silt of urban black and smelly water not only affects the urban ecological environment,but also be harmful to human health.In this paper,seven main black and smelly water in Changchun are studied.Collecting silt samples 1552 group,using the geological accumulation index method after eight kinds of heavy metal content and unified quantization,through the analysis of Nemerow Index Method,the comprehensive in Changchun city sludge heavy metal pollution situation,and based on ArcGIS platform,create spatial distribution maps.The result shows that there are different levels of heavy metal pollution in the black and smelly water in the Changchun.The main heavy metal pollutants are Mercury,Zinc,Chromium,Lead,Cadmium and Copper,the order of pollution degree is Zinc>Cadmium>Cadmium>Copper>Lead>Chromium.The comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals has obvious difference in different watershed.And the pollution zones are continuously distributed,among the pollution levels,the Serial Lake in the industrial zone is the highest,and the pollution levels of the suburbs and the upstream water catchment areas are lower.The main heavy metal pollutant has the“Center high,Periphery low”characteristic.The research has great significance to urban desilting and water environmental treatment.