句子研究三个平面理论的欧洲溯源

The Theory of Three-Level Approach to Syntax in Europe:Its Origin and Development

古希腊语法贯穿着意义和形式相结合的方法,可谓朴素的两个平面。维尔(1844)提出"说话起始-说话目的",为话语平面探索之先导。甲柏连孜(1881,1891)基于汉语特点,提出"心理主语-心理谓语",并强调语法结构的逻辑、心理、时空关系。埃尔特(1926)界定了语法、逻辑和心理三种主语。丹内斯(1964)全面论述了句子的语法结构、语义结构和话语组构三个平面。梳理欧洲句子研究三个平面、美国符号学科三分模式、汉语语法研究三个平面的形成线索并寻绎其相互关系,有助于拓展国际视野,提高理论自觉。

In Ancient Greek,the method of combing meaning and form ran through the whole process of grammar studies and may be simplified as two - level approach. As a precursor exploring the level of utterance organization,Weil (1844) put forward a conceptual pair“start-purpose”. Based on features of Chinese,Gabelentz (1881,1891) designed another conceptual pair“psychological subject-psychological predicate”,and emphasized three structure aspects of grammar,i. e. logical,psychological and spatial-temporal relations. Ertl (1926) identified three types of subjects,including syntactic, logical and psychological subjects. Dane (1964) analyzed three-level in detail–the grammatical structure,the semantic structure of sentence and the organization of utterance. We further teased out the formation clues of the three-level syntactic study in Europe,the trichotomy of semiotics in America,and the three-level Chinese grammar researches,attempting to find out the relationship between them. This review helps to broaden our international vision and enhance our theoretical consciousness.