茶树腋芽多倍体诱导与快速鉴定方法研究

Tea Auxiliary Bud Induction and Rapid Identification

【目的】研究不同秋水仙素浓度和处理时间对茶树多倍体诱导效率的影响,寻求最佳琼脂浓度、秋水仙素浓度和处理时间的组合条件,研究并确定多倍体快速鉴定方法的可行性。【方法】采用改良的琼脂套包裹法对春季茶树腋芽进行多倍体诱导处理,比较了不同秋水仙素浓度和处理时间对诱导效率的影响。【结果】随着秋水仙素浓度和处理时间的增加,茶树多倍体诱导率先增加后下降,0.3%的秋水仙素处理4 d的诱变效果最佳,诱变率高达40%。诱导获得的二倍体与四倍体材料有明显的形态差异,通过细胞学观察统计发现,二倍体与四倍体茶树气孔保卫细胞内叶绿体数目差异达极显著水平(t=27.34),且两者之间的比例符合其染色体数目之比2∶1。【结论】在实际运用中采用3%的琼脂包裹0.3%的秋水仙素处理4 d是一种简便、高效的茶树多倍体诱导方法。利用形态学结合气孔保卫细胞内叶绿体的数目鉴定茶树染色体倍性的方法是一种直观、快速、可行的方法。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the optimum combination of three factors (agar concentration,colchicine concentration and treatment duration) on polyploid induction efficiency of tea plants and to find a rapid method of identifing polyploid.【Method】The germinating tea auxiliary bud was induced with a modified agar set method. Induction efficiency was compared among different concentrations and durations.【Result】With an increase in colchicine concentration and treatment duration, the polyploid induction of tea tree increased first and then decreased,with 0.3% colchicine and 4 days was the best combination (40%). The induced tetraploid plants was significantly different from diploid plants. Cytology observation found that chloroplast average in stomata guard cell was different between tetraploid and diploid plants (t=27.34). Moreover,the rate between them was consistent with the rate of their chromosome number (2∶1).【Conclusion】In practical application,a combination of 3% agar and 0.3% colchicine for 4 days could be a simple and efficient method for polyploid induction in tea plants. It may be an intuitive,fast and feasible method to identify tea chromosome ploidy by morphology and number of stomata guard cell.