基于语料库的中美媒体关于中国雾霾报道的对比研究——以批评话语分析为视角

A Corpus-based Contrastive Study of the Reports on the Haze in China in the Chinese and American Media:A Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective

本文以批评话语分析为研究视角,基于自建的关于中国雾霾报道的小型语料库,对比分析了中美媒体关于中国雾霾报道的异同。文章从词频、索引行分析、搭配词表、搭配短语4个方面进行了数据对比分析。在进行批评话语分析时,具体采用了辩证—关系分析法,从4个阶段构建分析框架,即:阶段一,从符号层面关注社会弊端;阶段二,确定处理该社会弊端的障碍;阶段三,考虑社会秩序是否"需要"该社会弊端;阶段四,确定跨越障碍的可行性方法。经过数据微观结构分析和辩证—关系宏观结构分析,研究发现:中美媒体关于雾霾的报道呈现出较大差异,而这一差异反映了两国不同的意识形态。美国媒体更加关注雾霾成因及其危害,借此刻意渲染中国负面国家形象;相反,中国媒体则侧重关注雾霾的治理及未来展望,对本国重塑良好的国际形象充满了期待。

Environmental protection,as a hot topic,has been drawing great attention for a long time.Especially,in recent years a number of haze reports have appeared and they hold different attitudes and opinions towards the haze phenomenon.At present,the virtual image of a country depicted by mainstream media is of great significance for the construction of national image.So,it's necessary for us to make clear the ideological reflections within the haze report made by the western media,which is much beneficial for China to report in a more proper and suitable way.The perspective,critical discourse analysis provides us with some inspirations and insights into the analysis of ideology.To be specific,dialectical-relational approach(DRA)is employed during the process of critical discourse analysis.The analytical framework is constructed from the following four stages:stage one,to focus upon a social wrong,in its semiotic aspect;stage two,to identify obstacles to addressing the social wrong;stage three,to consider whether the social order"needs"the social wrong;stage four,to identify possible ways to overcome the obstacles.This paper,based on a self-established mini corpus,explores the differences about the haze reports in the Chinese and American media.The data analysis is carried out from the four aspects:word frequency,concordance line,collocates,and clusters.After the microstructure analysis of data and the macrostructure analysis with DRA,it is found that the reports on the haze reveal great differences in the media,which in fact is a good reflection of the ideological disparity.The American media,intending to set up a negative image of China,lays great emphasis on the cause and effect of haze,while the Chinese media on the management and future prospects.