铁路货车构架式转向架典型接头焊接残余应力消除方法

Welding residual stress elimination method of typical joints of railway freight car frame bogies

为了提高我国快捷铁路货车构架式转向架的制造质量,拟针对自由状态和压紧状态焊接的焊态和经消除应力处理的Q345E低合金钢对接试板、T型角接试板的焊接残余应力采用X射线法进行实测,结果表明:无论试板处在自由状态下还是压紧状态下,在消应力热处理后,平行和垂直焊缝方向上的纵向残余应力均有所下降,横向残余应力降低不明显,但其分布趋向均匀化。在总体规律上,压紧状态下焊缝方向上的纵向残余应力和横向残余应力降低更为明显,而超声冲击处理可显著降低所有焊缝的残余应力,具有良好的去应力效果。

In order to improve our country's rapid manufacturing quality of railway truck bogie frame type,the welding residual stresses of butt and T-corner joints of Q345E low alloy steel welded in free and pressure state and treated by stress relief are measured by Xray method.The result shows that,no matter the test plate is under a free state or pressure condition,the stress after heat treatment,the elimination of the parallel and vertical direction of weld on the longitudinal residual stress are decreased,the decrease of transverse residual stress is not obvious,but its distribution tends to be homogeneous.According to the overall law,the longitudinal residual stress and transverse residual stress of the weld in the direction of the weld under compaction are significantly reduced,while the ultrasonic impact treatment can significantly reduce the residual stress of all the welds,which has a good effect of stress removal.