已成立未生效民事法律行为的效力探讨

Discussion on the effectiveness of established non-effective civil legal acts

已成立未生效的民事法律行为是一种特殊效力状态的法律行为,对于这种行为是否具有法律拘束力以及具有何种法律拘束力,理论和实践中的分歧较大。已成立未生效的双方民事法律行为具有形式拘束力,当事人一般不得任意反悔和撤销,否则应当承担相应的民事责任。违反须批准或登记的双方法律行为的,行为人应当承担实际违约责任。违反附生效条件或期限的民事法律行为的,行为人应当承担预期违约责任。而离婚协议、遗嘱等已成立未生效的法律行为,基于其特殊的性质及法律的规定,在其生效前不具有任何法律约束力,当事人可以任意反悔和撤销。

The established non-effective civil legal act is a legal act with special effect status.Whether it is legally binding and with what kind of legally binding force,there are great differences in theory and practice.The established non-effective civil legal acts of both parties have formal binding force,so the parties are generally not allowed to arbitrarily repent and revoke,otherwise they should bear corresponding civil liabilities.In case of violation of the legal acts of both parties subject to ratification or registration,the actor shall bear the actual breach of contract;in case of violation of the civil legal acts with the conditions or time limit,the actor shall bear the responsibility for the expected breach of contract;and the established non-effective civil legal acts such as the divorce agreement and will,for their special nature and legal provisions,do not have any legal binding force before they become effective,so the parties may arbitrarily repent and revoke them.