西藏林芝地区育龄妇女宫颈疾病的发生及其相关因素的分析

Study on prevalence of cervical lesions among Nyingchi women of childbearing age in Tibet and related factors

目的调查西藏林芝地区生育年龄妇女宫颈疾病的发生率、特点及其与生活方式的关系。方法通过流行病学调查方式,于2016年6月至2018年3月期间在西藏林芝市人民医院进行健康体检及孕前咨询的生育年龄妇女进行常规宫颈液基细胞学检查(TCT)和HPV病毒检测,同时收集其一般情况包括民族、受教育水平、月收入、孕产次、是否牧民、居住地、结婚年龄、初次性生活年龄,统计宫颈疾病发生率,分析不同生活方式与宫颈疾病发生的关系。结果林芝地区育龄妇女宫颈疾病的发生率为29.11%,其中高危病变(病理结果≥CIN 2)发生率为0.59%。宫颈疾病的发生与民族、教育水平、居住地、是否牧民、结婚年龄、初次性生活年龄相关,藏族、牧民、居住于农牧区、文盲、25岁以下结婚、初次性生活<20岁等宫颈疾病发生率明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论加强对林芝地区的育龄妇女进行宫颈相关疾病健康知识宣教,提高文化教育水平、适当晚结婚、避免过早性生活、改善其住所条件等可能降低宫颈疾病的发生。

Objective To explore the prevalence and characteristics of cervical lesions as well as relation-ship with their lifestyles among Tibet Autonomous Region.Methods An epidemiological study was performed inNyingchi People’ s Hospital of Tibet. The women of childbearing age who searching for physical examination andconsulation before pregnancy obtained liquid-based cytology and HPV detection from June 2016 to December 2017 and their general conditions such as … were collected. The incidence of cervical lesions was analyzed,and therelationship between different lifestyles and cervical lesions was explored.Results The total incidence of cervicallesions in Nyingchi was 29.11%,with the incidence of high risk cervical lesions was 0.59%. The incidence wasrelated to factors including Tibetans,herdsmen,residents in agricultural and pastoral areas,illiterates,womenwith earlier marriage or first sexual intercourse(P < 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of cervical lesions may bereduced by strengthening the healthy education about cervix. raising the educational level,getting married late andimproving the living conditions in Tibet.