试论铜鼓的萨满教属性

On the Shamanistic Attributes of Bronze Drums

铜鼓是中国南方和东南亚众多古代民族共同使用的一种器物,很早就引起学术界的关注。回顾铜鼓的百年研究历史,普遍存在着重视物质文化因素,而轻视精神文化因素的问题,极大制约了铜鼓研究向深层次发展。除了实用性的一面之外,铜鼓还具有众多的宗教功能,后者的地位实际上比前者更重要。从铜鼓本身的结构特点、铜鼓的纹饰及其组合方式以及铜鼓的埋藏习俗来看,均与萨满教的观念相一致。总体而言,铜鼓正是萨满教观念下的作品,是协助萨满进行迷狂体验以及在不同层次的宇宙空间开展灵魂之旅的重要法器。

The bronze drum is a kind of instrument used by many ancient peoples in southern China and Southeast Asia,and it has attracted the attention of academic circles for a long time.Looking back on the research history of the bronze drums in the past century,there are widespread problems that attach importance to material cultural factors,while ignoring the spiritual cultural factors,which greatly restricts the development of bronze drums to a deeper level.In addition to the practical side,the bronze drum also has many religious functions,and the latter's status is actually more important than the former.From the aspects of structural characteristics of the bronze drum itself,the patterns and their combination,as well as the burial customs of the bronze drum,they are all consistent with the concept of shamanism.In general,the bronze drum is the work of the shamanistic concept,and is an important tool to assist the shaman to experience the estasy experience and to carry out the soul journey in the different levels of space.