基于科层制理论的侦查组织结构探析

An Analysis of the Organizational Structure of Investigation Based on the Bureaucratic System Theory

以科层制理论为支撑构建的组织结构具有严密性、合理性、稳定性和普遍性等优点。现行侦查组织呈现出专业化和合成化的双重趋势,在等级制基础上强调组织指挥的灵活性,侦查权行使要依照法定程序进行,侦查组织运行兼具层级性和中立性,侦查组织的业务与程序推进文书化。但较为严格的等级制限制了侦查人员的主动性与侦查效率,过分专业化职权划分削弱了侦查整体效能,侦查人员流动性大、稳定性差,专业人才流失严重,现代科技的发展使得侦查组织不适性强烈。在后科层制时代,要结合我国的实际情况,在科层制理论指导下探索适合时代需求的侦查组织结构形式。

The organizational structure constructed with the bureaucratic theory as the support has the advantages of rigor,rationality,stability and universality.The current investigative organization presents a dual trend of specialization and synthesis on the basis of the hierarchical system.It emphasizes the flexibility of the organizational command;the exercise of investigative power should be carried out in accordance with legal procedures;the investigation and organization operations are both hierarchical and neutral and the organization of the investigation organization promotes the textualization with the program.However,the stricter hierarchical system limits the initiative and investigative efficiency of investigators.The excessive professionalization of powers and divisions weakens the overall effectiveness of the investigation.The investigators have large liquidity,poor stability,serious loss of professional talents and the development of modern science and technology makes the investigation organization difficult to adapt.In the post-strategy era,it is necessary to combine the actual situation of China and explore the organizational structure of investigation suitable for the needs of the times under the guidance of the bureaucracy theory.