膳食平衡指数法评价冠心病患者的膳食质量状况

Evaluation on Dietary Quality of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease by Diet Balance Index Method

目的:应用中国膳食平衡指数(Diet Balance Index-07,DBI-07)评价冠心病患者膳食质量,从而为该疾病患者针对性饮食干预方法的建立和相关膳食营养教育的开展提供科学依据。方法:采用健康危险因素调查问卷调查某医院207名冠心病住院患者的个人基本信息和饮食摄入情况,在此基础上利用DBI-07评分方法评价其膳食质量状况。结果:冠心病患者的膳食质量处于低度失衡状态、低度摄入不足和低度摄过量的问题并存;男性患者摄入过量程度明显高于女性; 55岁以下患者在三个年龄组中摄入不足程度最低,且总分均低于另外两个年龄组;冠心病患者蔬菜水果、奶类、豆类、动物性食物摄入不足,而油、盐摄入过量;患者主要膳食模式为模式A。结论:冠心病患者整体饮食结构不合理,建议适当均衡谷薯类和动物性食物的摄入,增加奶类豆类食物和鱼类的摄入,适当食用易于咀嚼的蔬菜水果,减少盐与油的用量。

Objective To evaluate the dietary quality of patients with coronary heart disease using Diet Balance Index-07(DBI-07),which provided scientific basis for the establishment of targeted dietary interventions and related dietary nutrition education for patients.Method The basic information and dietary intake data were investigated by a questionnaire on health risk factors from 207 hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease,DBI-07 scoring method was further used to evaluatethe dietary quality status.Result The dietary quality of patients with coronary heart disease was in slightly imbalance condition,with both low intake deficiency and excess coexist.The degree of intake excess in male patients was significantly higher than that in female.The patients in group under 55 year old had the lowest intake inadequacy and the total scores were also the lowest among the three age groups.Vegetables,fruits,milk,beans and animal foods intake were insufficient,while oil and salt intake were excessive in patients with coronary heart disease.Moreover,model A was the main dietary pattern.Conclusion The overall diet structure of patients with coronary heart disease is irrational.It is recommended to appropriately balance the intake of cereals and animal foods,increase the intake of milk and legume foods,coarse grains and fish,properly eat chewy fruits and vegetables,and reduce the amount of salt and oil use.