橡胶籽油基础饲料添加乙氧基喹啉和番茄红素对虹鳟生长及抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Ethoxyquin and Lycopene Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Rubber Seed Oil-based Diet

【目的】研究橡胶籽油基础饲料中添加乙氧基喹啉(EQ)和番茄红素(LCP)对虹鳟生长性能、脂蛋白水平和抗氧化功能的影响,以筛选虹鳟高脂饲料的适宜抗氧化剂。【方法】以橡胶籽油为脂肪源配制基础饲料,于基础饲料中分别添加0.02%EQ或0.02%LCP,配制3种等氮等能饲料,进行8周饲养试验。【结果】(1)添加EQ或LCP明显提高了虹鳟体增重和日增重系数,但均无显著差异;添加EQ或LCP明显改善了饲料利用率和蛋白质效率,其中LCP组效果显著优于EQ组。(2)添加EQ明显提高了胃蛋白酶活性,添加LCP则降低了胃蛋白酶和肝脏二糖酶活性。(3)添加EQ明显提高了血清总胆固醇(TC)水平,添加LCP则明显降低了血清TC和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。(4)添加EQ或LCP明显提高了血浆总抗氧化能力、溶菌酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及肝脏谷胱甘肽还原酶活性,其中LCP组效果显著优于EQ组;添加EQ或LCP明显降低了血浆丙二醛水平,其中LCP组效果也显著优于EQ组。【结论】添加EQ或LCP可改善虹鳟生长性能、饲料利用率和抗氧化功能,但LCP效果显著优于EQ。可见,番茄红素是虹鳟高脂均饲料适宜的抗氧化剂。

[Purpose]This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different antioxidants supplementation(ethoxyquin or lycopene)on growth performance,lipoprotein level and antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)fed rubber seed oil-based diet,and thereby to select the suitable antioxidant for rainbow trout diets.[Methods]Three isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated with adding 0.02% ethoxyquin(EQ)or 0.02%lycopene(LCP)or without to rubber seed oil-based diet.The feeding trial lasted for8weeks.[Results](1)Dietary supplementation with EQ or LCP generally increased the weight gain and daily growth coefficient although no significant differences were observed.Dietary supplementation with EQ or LCP generally reduced the feed coefficient ratio and improved protein efficiency ratio.Furthermore,the growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed LCP diet were better than those of fish fed EQ diet.(2)Dietary supplementation with EQ generally increased the pepsin activity.However,dietary supplementation with LCP generally reduced the hepatic pepsin and the disaccharidase activities,but no significant differences in the intestine trypsin,amylase,disaccharidase activities,and hepatic trypsin and amylase activities were found among the dietary treatments.(3)Dietary supplementation with EQ generally increased the serum total cholesterol(TC)level;whereas dietary supplementation with EQ generally reduced the serum TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterin levels.(4)Dietary supplementation with EQ or LCP generally improved the plasma total antioxidant capacity,lysozyme,glutathione peroxidase activities and hepatic glutathione reductase activities,whereas those enzymes activities were higher in fish fed LCP diet compared to fish fed EQ diet.Dietary supplementation with EQ or LCP generally reduced the plasma malonaldehyde(MDA)level.[Conclusions]Whereas,the plasma MDA level was lower in fish fed LCP diet compared to fish fed EQ diet.The results indicated that dietary supplementation with EQ or LCP may improve the growth,feed utilization ratio and antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout and LCP is a suitable antioxidant for rainbow trout diet.