清乾隆中期北京西北郊水系建设及农业景观研究

Water System Construction and Agricultural Landscape in the Northwest Suburb of Beijing in the Mid-Qing Dynasty

清乾隆十四年对京西水利工程进行了全面的整理和建设,增加了北京城市的供水量,为造园提供了良好的基础条件,并将西北郊造园活动推向了高峰。该文重点探讨乾隆西郊水利工程建设的三个阶段,包括引蓄西山诸水、疏通长河、高粱河;开辟昆明湖、高水湖、养水湖等水库;修建南北旱河等工程的历史变迁。并介绍因水利工程而建设的皇家园林清漪园,分析北京西郊园林与稻田交相辉映的农业景观意向。

Water conservancy project in western Beijing conducted a comprehensive construction from fourteen years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty,which had increased the amount of water supply in Beijing city,provided a good foundation for the gardening and the gardening activities in northwest suburbs of Beijing blooming.In the paper,we focus on three stages of water conservancy projects in the western suburbs,including the diversion of Xishan water,dredging of long river and sorghum river,opening up of reservoirs such as Kunming Lake,High Lake and Yangshui Lake,constructing the North-South dry river.We also introduce the imperial garden Qingyi Park built by water conservancy project and analyze the agricultural landscape intentions of gardens and paddy fields in the western suburbs of Beijing.