回归乡村营建的自在:徽州传统民居自主营建过程及特征研究

Return to the Casualness of Rural Construction: The Process and Characteristics of the Self-building of Huizhou Traditional Residence

与通行的建筑师主导建造模式有根本不同,我国传统民居多呈现出自主营建的特征,村民的广泛参与和自主决策,使民居建筑具备了随今后生活成长的属性。在田野调查的基础上,挖掘徽州民居自主营建过程的相关事件和现象,比较与建筑师主导建造模式的不同之处,总结自主营建三大特征:村民需求的"有效"表达、营建与生活的有机结合、对个人情感的照顾。以村民为核心,多方共同参与的自主营建具有彻底的自然性、地域性和人情化,对反思建筑师主导建造模式的弊端,延续传统村落和民居的自然发展脉络有重要意义。

Fundamentally different from the usual architect-led construction mode,the Chinese traditional residences are mostly characterized by self-building.The extensive participation and independent decision-making by villagers themselves,giving the lively growth to those residential buildings.On the basis of field investigation,we will explore the relevant events and phenomena in the process of self-building of Huizhou dwellings.Comparing the differences between this mode and architect-led construction mode,we summarize three characteristics of self-building:the"effective"expression of villagers'needs,the organic combination of building and life,and personal emotional care.Taking the villagers as the core,self-building with multilateral participation has thorough naturalness,regionality and humanization.It is of great significance to reflect on the drawbacks of architect-led construction mode,which will also help to continue the natural development context of traditional villages and dwellings.