果园多功能动力底盘设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Multifunctional Dynamic Chassis for Orchard

为解决果园作业机械适应性差、配套动力小、地隙高、转弯半径大、通过性差等问题,结合果园栽培模式和农艺等要求,设计了一种果园多功能动力底盘。对果园多功能动力底盘的整机结构和工作原理进行了阐述,设计了行走动力系统和后动力输出系统以及3路双作用液压快速挂接系统;对整机的转向性能、稳定性能、越埂性能进行了理论分析。对机架进行了有限元仿真分析,结果表明,在满载四轮着地状态下,车架最大变形发生在中间横梁部位,总变形量为5. 08 mm,最大等效弹性应变为0. 003 5,最大等效应力发生在前桥和车架铰接处,为390. 52 MPa;在满载三轮着地状态下,车架最大变形发生在侧梁部位,总变形量为20. 74 mm,最大等效弹性应变为0. 005 8,最大等效应力发生在前桥和车架铰接处,为805. 46 MPa。整机果园田间试验结果表明,果园多功能动力底盘行驶速度为0～35 km/h,田间作业速度为1～6 km/h,最小转弯半径为2 m,最大爬坡角为24°,最大越埂高度为235 mm,可挂接多种农具,能够满足果园的田间生产管理作业要求。

In order to solve the problems such as poor adaptability, small supporting power, high ground clearance, large turning radius, poor pass-ability, etc. of the orchard operating machinery, combined with the orchard cultivation mode and agronomic requirements, a multifunctional dynamic chassis for orchard was designed. The structure and working principle of the multifunctional dynamic chassis for orchard were expounded, and the traveling power system and rear power output system and the three double-acting hydraulic quick-connecting output ports were designed. The theoretical of the steering performance, stability performance and crossing performance of the whole machine were analyzed theoretically. The finite element analysis of the frame was carried out to show that the maximum total deformation of the frame was 5.08 mm in the middle beam part, the maximum equivalent elastic strain of the frame was 0.003 5 and the maximum equivalent stress of the frame was 390.52 MPa at the hinge joint between the axle and the frame under the condition of full load four-wheel landing. The maximum total deformation was 20.74 mm at the side beam of the frame, the maximum equivalent elastic strain of the frame was 0.005 8 and the maximum equivalent stress of the frame was 805.46 MPa at the hinge joint between the axle and the frame under the condition of full load three-wheel landing. Field experiments were carried out in the orchard. The experiment results showed that the speed of multifunctional chassis for orchard was 0~35 km/h, field working speed was 1~6 km/h, minimum turning radius was 2 m, maximum climbing angle was 24°and maximum crossing height was 235 mm. Multifunctional chassis was able to connect a variety of agricultural tools as a multi-purpose machine, which can meet the requirements of field production management operations in the orchard and improve the mechanized production management level of the orchard. The research result provided theoretical and experimental basis for the research of general-purpose dynamic chassis for orchard, and provided a basis for the improvement and lightweight design of the subsequent chassis.