随动式残膜回收机捡拾装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Collecting Device for Profile Modeling Residual Plastic Film Collector

针对我国棉花覆膜种植模式所造成的大面积农田残膜污染问题,在实施耐候地膜新的国家标准基础上,基于耐候地膜在回收时的完整性,设计了一种可将膜面翻转而清除杂质的随动式残膜捡拾装置。通过测试耐候地膜的力学特性,计算捡拾时残膜的受力情况,表明捡拾时残膜的受力小于其平均纵向拉断力;对样机关键作业部件进行设计和分析,运用Matlab软件绘制捡拾钉齿端点在土壤中的运动轨迹,确定了捡拾钉齿长度及捡拾钉齿在链板上的排列尺寸;通过捡拾滚筒上链板间距与起膜率、清杂率关系的单因素试验,得到链板间距的最优值;对捡拾滚筒、捡拾钉齿装置运动过程的受力情况进行了分析计算,并对样机的作业性能进行了试验研究。田间试验结果表明,当随动式残膜回收机的前进速度为4. 0～4. 4 km/h时,残膜回收率为89. 54%,表明其捡拾装置满足田间作业要求。

Plastic-film mulching has improved crop production of cotton greatly in Northwest China. With the use of plastic film year by year, the problem of pollution has become increasingly apparent. Film mulching has many advantages, such as water storage and weed control, but overmuch residual plastic film fragments influenced the physical property of agricultural soil. Aiming at the pollution problem, the new national standard of plastic film was published. On the basis of the new national standard of weathering film, a collecting and removing device for the residual plastic film recovery machine was designed as the integrity of weathering film. By testing the mechanical properties of the weatherproof film and force of the residual film when collecting, the results showed that the film would not be broken during the collecting process. The key working parts were designed and analyzed, while the length and the arrangement of the nail and the film collecting parts were determined by plotting trajectory of end of collecting nail in soil based on the software of Matlab. Through the single factor experiment on the relationship between distance of chains and residual film collecting rate and straw removing rate, the optimal value of the chains spacing was obtained. The stress analysis of ground roller, collecting and removing device was carried out during the movement process, and the performance of the machine was tested. The field experiment results showed that the recovery rate of residual film was 89.54% when the forward speed of the residual film recovery machine was between 4.0 km/h and 4.4 km/h, indicating that the collecting device can meet the requirements of residual plastic film collection.