知识产权条约视角下新型竞争行为的规制

Anti-Unfair Competition Rules in International Treaties and Their Applicability to New Types of Competition Behaviors

科技与商业模式发展所催生的新型竞争行为给我国法制带来诸多挑战,各国竞争法的发展也面临共同的难题:禁止不正当竞争一般条款的适用方法在各国间差异很大,不正当竞争行为的类型化界定鲜有发展。在此背景下,应充分重视知识产权条约的作用。《保护工业产权巴黎公约》所确立的不正当竞争行为定义和三种主要类型至今仍对各国的立法和实践具有重要指导意义;《欧盟不正当商业行为指令》和TPP将消费者权益保护列为反不正当竞争法的价值目标和不正当竞争行为的认定标准。我们应借鉴其来完善我国的反不正当竞争法制以更好地规制新型竞争行为。

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property(Paris Convention)establishes a common definition of unfair behavior and three categories thereof:confusion,commercial detriment and misleading.These rules are important guidance for legislation and legal practice in many countries.Not much progress has been achieved regarding international harmonization of unfair competition law after Paris Convention due to two reasons:divergence among countries regarding methodology for application of the general rule prohibiting unfair competition,and difficulties in identification of operational criteria.ECUCPD and TPP represent new development in this area by which consumer protection becomes objective of Anti-Unfair Competition Law and also a basis for operational criteria of unfair behavior.Facing the challenges from emerging new types of unfair behaviors in relation to Internet,legislators and courts should refer to Paris Convention and emphasize the role of consumer protection in Anti-Unfair Competition Law.