环评技术机构国际比较研究

The International Comparison of Environmental Assessment Technical Organizations

环境影响评价是国际通行的环境管理制度和工具,具有很强的专业性,而国家级环评技术机构在推动环评实践中起到重要的引领作用。本文对美国、荷兰、加拿大和中国的国家级环评技术机构的概况、职责、地位、发展方向等进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,美国环境质量委员会、荷兰环境评价委员会和加拿大环境评价署都有较强的机构独立性和工作独立性,环评数据库公开。从技术地位来看,美荷加三国环评技术机构的领导地位明显,且荷兰环境评价委员会在国际环评领域很活跃。从发展方向来看,美国、荷兰和加拿大都把新兴议题纳入到环评中,同时三国还在推动环评效率的提升。基于上述结论,本文对中国的国家级环评技术机构提出了提高独立性、提高环评效率和公众参与有效性、增强应对新趋势的能力,以及提高技术影响力等建议。

Environmental impact Assessment is an international prevailing environmental management system and tool,but also with a strong professionalism.National EIA technical organizations play an important leading role in promoting the practice of EIA.The paper made a comparative study on the general situation,responsibilities,status and development direction of the national EIA technical organizations in USA,the Netherlands,Canada and China.The results show that the Council on Environmental Quality of the United States,the Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment and the Canada Environmental Assessment Agency all has strong institutional independence and working independence,and the EIA database is open.From the technical position,the three organizations all have prominent leadership,and the Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment is active in the international EIA area.In terms of development,the United States,the Netherlands and Canada are all incorporating emerging issues into the EIA,while they are also promoting the efficiency of EIA.Based on the above conclusions,this paper put forward some suggestions to improve the independence,improve the efficiency of environmental assessment and the effectiveness of the public participation,enhance the ability of coping with the new trend,and enhance the influence of the national EIA technical organization in China.