重点生态功能区生态补偿机制建立探索

Exploration of Establishment of Payment for Ecosystem Services System for Key Ecological Function Areas

财政转移支付是国家对重点生态功能区进行生态补偿的重要手段,本文介绍国内外财政转移支付等生态补偿项目经验,对我国重点生态功能区财政转移支付的政策进行梳理,剖析存在问题并提出完善现有财政转移支付方式、方法、系数、权重等的建议。研究指出应结合重点生态功能区生态环境类型特征,建立不同的生态补偿标准,以典型地区森林、草原、水资源为例提出分类生态补偿政策建议;从税收、准入等角度提出支持政府有效管理、促进生态产业与民生改善的政策意见;建立持续长效的生态补偿管理机制,构建生态补偿相应的配套支撑政策体系。

Financial transfer payment is a key national means of PES(payment for ecosystem services)for key ecological function areas.Based on the experiences about the domestic and foreign PES projects taking use of financial transfer payment method,as well as relevant policies of China,the existing problems are analyzed and suggestions are provided about the payment forms,methods,coefficients,and weights.It is concluded that differentiated PES standards should be built in combination with the environmental characteristics of the key function areas,and policy recommendations of classified compensation should be made by taking forests,grassland,and water resources in typical areas as an example;the policies that support the governmental management and improvement of ecological industry and livelihood of people should be established;a sustainable and long-term management mechanism on PES and a corresponding policy supporting system should be developed.