公共教育支出对城乡居民收入差距的影响——基于2005～2014年省级面板数据的实证分析

Impacts of Public Education Expenditure on the Urban-rural Income Gap——An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data of 2005～2014 Years

利用2005～2014年的30个省面板数据,用泰尔指数对城乡收入差距进行度量,对公共教育支出与城乡居民收入差距关系进行的探讨。结果发现:公共教育支出与城乡居民收入差距呈现出"倒U"型,这主要是由于公共教育支出的城市化和高等教育倾向政策所导致的;在不同教育层级中,普通中学和普通小学也呈现出"倒U"型,但普通高中却不显著;而且农村教育支出与城乡收入分配存在负向关系,不存在"倒U"型的现象;另外,公共教育支出能够影响城乡人力资本差异进而影响城乡收入差距。因此,在增加公共教育支出总量时,适当调整其内部结构,加强农村教育的投入,对缩小城乡教育差距和城乡收入差距能够起到积极的作用。

Using the panel data of 30 provinces from 2005 to 2014,this paper discusses the impacts of public education expenditure on urban-rural income gap which measured by the Theil index.The results show that the relationship between public education expenditure and the urban-rural income gap is an“inverted U”type.This is mainly due to the urbanization of public education expenditure and the policy of higher education tendency,so is in ordinary secondary schools and ordinary primary schools,but they are not significant in ordinary high schools,there is a negative relationship between rural education expenditure and urban-rural income distribution without showing the“inverted U”type;In addition,public education expenditure can affect the difference of urban-rural human capital and affect the urban-rural income gap.So when we increase the total amount of public expenditure on education,we should appropriately adjust its internal structure and it will play an active role in reducing the urban-rural human capital gap and urban-rural income gap.