城市化的多重内涵及其综合水平测度方法

The Multiple Connotation of Urbanization and Its Comprehensive Level Measurement Method

城市化是人口由农村向城市聚集的社会过程,与经济、社会发展是同步的,也是现代化的重要标志。城市化需要从经济学、社会学、人口学、文化学等多角度理解。城市化与城镇化具有相似的含义,但适用于不同语境。城镇化更多指的是就地城镇化,是努力促进农村人口的就地转移。城市化是工业发展的结果,是非农产业和非农人口比重的提高,是人口迁移和产业转变。城市化既有一般规律,又有个体特征。城市化是不断演变的历史过程,具有物理性和人文性。城市化综合水平的测度需要建立合理的指标体系,采用多元的方法。

The urbanization is a social process in which the population gathers from rural to urban areas.It is synchronized with economic and social development and it is also an important symbol of modernization.The urbanization needs to be understood from the perspectives of the economics,sociology,demography,and culture.The town urbanization and the city urbanization have similar meanings,but they apply to different contexts.The urbanization refers more to urbanization on the spot and is an effort to promote the local transfer of rural population.The urbanization is the result of industrial development,the increase in the proportion of non-agricultural and non-agricultural populations,population migration and industrial transformation.Urbanization has both general and individual characteristics.The urbanization is an evolving historical process with physical and humanistic qualities.The measurement of the comprehensive level of urbanization requires the establishment of a reasonable indicator system and a multi-faceted approach.