社交媒体时代灾后谣言传播中的快速辟谣研究——以九寨沟地震为例

Research on Rapidly Dispelling Rumors of Post-disaster Rumors Spread in Social Media Era——Taking Jiuzhaigou Earthquake as an Example

九寨沟地震是一场典型的发生在社交媒体时代的大地震,其谣言传播和辟谣过程呈现出独特的表征。当前,社交媒体时代具有后真相的特征,即人们越来越不关心真相,而只关心立场、态度和情绪,携带恐惧情绪的地震谣言极易被传播,更加容易给社会造成恐慌。九寨沟地震发生后社交媒体上虽然出现了大量谣言,但均被快速遏制,呈现出与社交媒体时代后真相语境不符的现象,个中原因值得我们研究。本文从九寨沟地震的具体谣言出发,对其快速辟谣过程进行探析,正是政府对于信息的及时披露从源头上控制了谣言的散布,把控了舆论全局,为媒体的报道和公众的主动参与提供了良好环境,媒体采用的多种报道方式也是对政府官方报道进行的碎片化补充,而公众的主动参与也是对政府和媒体辟谣的一种促进。这种良性的合力助推机制不仅使此次九寨沟地震中的谣言得到了快速控制,而且对以后的突发事件谣言快速应对也是一个良好的经验借鉴。

Jiuzhaigou Earthquakeis a typical earthquake in the era of social media,and its rumor propagation and refutation process present unique characteristics.At present,the social media era has the posttruth characteristic,which means that people don't care about the truth anymore,but only care about the position,attitude and emotion.The earthquake rumors,which carry the atmosphere of terror,are vulnerable to spread into panics.After Jiuzhaigou earthquake,there were a large number of rumors,but those rumours were all refuted quickly,presenting a phenomenon which was not suit the post-truth characteristic in the social media era.It's worth analyzing the phenomenon.In this paper,starting from the specific rumors of Jiuzhaigou Earthquake,the process of rapidly dispelling rumors is analyzed.It is the timely disclosure of information from government that controls the rumors,holding the whole public opinion environment,providing a good background for the media and the active participation of the public.Media using a variety of ways to report is also the fragmental supplement to those official reports,and the active participation of the public is the promotion for the refutation of the government and the media.This kind of positive resultant-action mechanism not only makes the rumors in Jiuzhaigou Earthquakewere quickly refuted,but also provided a good experience for the future rumors refutation.