美国媒体灾难新闻报道的框架分析——以飓风“厄玛”“玛丽亚”为例

Frame Analysis Based on the Disaster news Reports of American Media——Case Studies of Hurricane/lrma and Maria

在社交媒体环境下,碎片化、多元化的信息传播渠道使得灾难事件相关的舆情走势变得更加难以把握。当灾难事件发生时,诸多不确定因素为次生危机的出现埋下隐患。本研究运用框架分析法,以接连发生的两起飓风灾难——“厄玛”和“玛丽亚”为例,梳理灾难中美国媒体报道各阶段的框架分布情况,并从各阶段的主要框架入手,分析美国媒体灾难报道的可借鉴之处。研究结果发现,美国媒体对灾难事件的报道比较注重其全面性,基本涵盖了灾难事件中公众关注的所有焦点;解决方案框架贯穿了灾难报道的始终;媒体报道的主角不仅是政府,而且有非政府组织或个人。这既是对政府行动方略的辅助,又是凝结社会力量、迅速达成抗灾救灾共识的有效力量。

Under the environment of social media,public sentiment of disaster has been more hard to be controlled with the development of the fragmented and pluralistic channel of information transmission.These uncertain factors store up trouble for Secondary crisis,when a disaster happens.This research uses the framework analysis,with a spate of two-hurricane disaster:Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria as an example,combs the framework of each stage of the disaster reports in the American media.Starting from the main frame of each stage,this research analyzes the experiences of the disaster reports in the American media.The results of the study showed that the reports of the disaster event in the American media is focused on the comprehensive reports,covering the focus of public attention in disasters;Solution framework goes through the disaster reports;The protagonist in the media is not only the government,but also non-government organizations or individuals.This is not only a supplementary to the government's action strategy,but also an effective force to congealed social forces to quickly reach the consensus of disaster relief.