“行为戏剧主义”理论视域下历史事件政府道歉策略分析——以美国政府就“塔斯基吉梅毒实验”事件道歉为例

Analysis of Government Apology Strategies on Historical Events from the Perspective of Behavioral Drama Theory:Taking U. S. Government Apologizes for Tarski.s Syphilis Experiment as an Example

勇于对历史事件道歉是国家执政文明的一种表现。美国、澳大利亚两国政府多次借用对历史事件道歉产生的戏剧性象征意义,有效地提升了自身的国内国际形象。本文采用建构性话语分析视角,运用“行为戏剧主义”理论框架,探讨了1997年美国克林顿政府就“塔斯基吉梅毒实验”精心建构的道歉话语,发现了政府针对历史事件道歉的一些基本原则:慎重原则;最高价值原则;五要素原则。而五要素原则又包括一些次准则,比如动机选择的“和解原则”,场景选择的“平衡原则”,身份选择的“配合准则”,话语选择的“14策略原则”和“原型叙事原则”,时间选择的“借势原则”。

Apologizing for historical events is a manifestation of the state's ruling civilization.The American and Australian governments have borrowed dramatic symbolic meanings repeatedly from apologies for historical events to enhance their image at home and abroad effectively.This paper discusses on the Clinton government apology discourse on“Tarski Kyrgyzstan Syphilis Experiment”of 1997 who carefully constructed from the perspective of constructive discourse analysis on Behavioral Drama Theory.The study found some basic principles of government apologizing for historical events:prudent principle,the highest value principle and the five element principle which includes some sub criteria-“reconciliation principle”in motivation choice,“balance principle”in scene choice,“coordination principle”in identity choice,“14 strategy principle”and“prototype narrative principle”in discourse choice,and“borrowing potential principle”in time choice.