耕地保护补偿标准研究——以甘肃省为例

RESEARCH ON COMPENSATION STANDARD OF CULTIVATED LAND PROTECTION——A CASE STUDY OF GANSU PROVINCE

[目的]耕地对于维护国家粮食安全和区域可持续发展至关重要。农民和地方政府是耕地保护的两个利益主体。为提高耕地保护效果,需要对不同的利益主体分别确立不同的耕地保护补偿标准。[方法]以西北的甘肃省为例,以耕地资源的生态价值和社会价值、耕地保护的机会成本为依据,分别确立农民和地方政府耕地保护的补偿标准,采用当量因子法、替代法、机会成本法等核算出耕地资源的生态价值、社会价值及耕地保护的机会成本。[结果] 2015年,甘肃省耕地资源的生态价值、社会价值之和为117. 36万元/hm^2,结合地方政府支付能力指数、区域社会发展阶段系数,确定甘肃省农民耕地保护的补偿标准为12. 82万元/hm^2。测算出甘肃省地方政府耕地保护的机会成本为5. 51万元/hm^2,以此确定甘肃省地方政府耕地保护的补偿标准为2. 76万元/hm^2。[结论]耕地具有非常重要的生态价值和社会价值,甘肃省耕地资源生态、社会价值是其GDP的6. 11倍,地方政府应加大耕地保护方面的支出。研究结果为甘肃省政府出台耕地保护相关政策提供了科学依据,也为西北其他省份提供借鉴。

Cultivated land is very important to maintain national food security and regional sustainable development. Farmers and local governments are the two main stakeholders of cultivated land protection. In order to improve the protection effect of cultivated land, it is necessary to establish different compensation standard for cultivated land protection for different stakeholders. Taking Gansu province in the Northwest as an example, the compensation standards of cultivated land of farmers and local government were established respectively based on the ecological value and social value of cultivated land resources, opportunity cost of cultivated land protection. The ecological value, social value and the opportunity cost of cultivated protection were calculated by using equivalent factor method, substitution method and opportunity cost method. The sum of ecological value, social value of cultivated land resources of Gansu province was 1.1736 million Yuan per hectare in 2015.Combined with local government payment ability index and the coefficient of regional social development stage, it determined compensation standard which was 128200 Yuan per hectare for farmers,cultivated land protection of Gansu province. It measured the opportunity cost of cultivated land protection of local government which was 55 100 Yuan per hectare of Gansu province. On this basis,it determined compensation standard which was 27600 Yuan per hectare of cultivated land protection of local government of Gansu province. Cultivated land has very important ecological value and social value. The ecological and social value of cultivated land of Gansu province were 6.11 times of its GDP, local governments should increase the expenditure on cultivated land protection. The results provide scientific basis for the local government of Gansu province introducing relevant policies of cultivated land protection and reference for other provinces in Northwest China.