高等教育侧重:专业技能与综合素质

The Emphasis of Higher Education:Professional Skills and Comprehensive Quality

在精英教育时代,少数获得高等教育机会的人一般能找到专业对口的工作,因而高等教育侧重于专业技能的培养。随着高等教育的发展,越来越多接受高等教育的人难以找到传统意义上专业对口的工作,这时就职者的综合素质就变得越来越重要。因此,高等教育的发展开始呈现出从专业技能侧重向综合素质侧重转变的趋势。中国当下的高等教育如何顺应这一趋势是一个值得思考的问题,回答这一问题的关键在于劳动力市场的需求,即劳动力市场需要更多专业技能人才还是综合素质人才。为此,提出一个理论框架,并基于2016年在全国范围内所组织的劳动力市场问卷调查数据,采用计量经济学的模型进行分析。研究发现,劳动力市场存在着专业技能侧重向综合素质侧重转变的趋势,但不同行业、不同职业对专业技能和综合素质的侧重有所不同。

In the period of the elite education,few people can get chances to receive higher education,and generally can find jobs matching their majors,so the emphasis of higher education focuses on professional skills.With the development of higher education,more and more people with higher education find it difficult to find jobs well matching their majors at least in the traditional sense,therefore the comprehensive quality of the jobseekers becomes more and more important.So,it is observed that higher education changes the emphasis from professional skills to comprehensive quality.It is a good question regarding how for higher education in China to adapt to this trend now.The key is how to judge the demand of labor market in terms of professional skills or comprehensive quality.To this end,this paper puts forward a theoretical framework,and based on which an econometric research is conducted using the labor market data of survey organized by the authors in 2016 covering the whole nation.It is identified that there is a tendency in the labor market shifting the emphasis from the professional skills to the comprehensive quality.But different industries,majors and professions have difference in terms of the emphasis.