身份之锢——战时沦陷区的良民证探赜

The Constraint of Identity: A Probe into the Police Certificate in the Enemy-occupied Areas during the War of Resistance, 1945-1948

良民证虽是战时日伪政权推行的一种身份控制手段,但相关概念在战前乃至先秦时期的历史文献中即已有之,国民党亦在"剿匪"区颁发过良民证。其区别除形式之外,主要是历史语境和概念指称的不同。战时沦陷区的良民证不是唯一的格式化制证,不同时期不同地区都有不同的形式。日伪政权推行的良民证制度,带给民众的无疑是难以挥去的梦魇。饱受凌辱的民众奋起抗争势所必然,中共也通过各种斗争方式予以应对,其中破坏和利用良民证,是其重要的应对方式。伴随着日本的投降,束缚民众身份自由的良民证制度最终被废止。

Although the police certificate was a means of identity control carried out by the Japanese and puppet regimes during the War,the relevant concepts had been existed in the historical materials before the War,even the pre-Qin period,and the Kuomintang also issued the police certificate in the“bandit suppression”areas.The police certificate during the War was not the only formative certificate,and there were different forms in different regions and different periods.Japan s police certificate system in the occupied areas undoubtedly brought the people nightmares.It was inevitable for the humiliated people to rise up and fight against it,and the CCP also responded by various struggling means,among which the destruction and use of the police certificate was an important way to deal with it.With the surrender of Japan,the police certificate system,which constrained the people s freedom of identity,was finally dead.