我国第三人撤销之诉的制度构成与立法完善

The System Constitution and Legislative Perfection of the Withdrawing Procedure by the Third Party in China

在恶意诉讼与虚假诉讼频繁发生的社会背景之下,在借鉴法国和我国台湾地区相关法律制度并结合我国基本国情的基础之上,2012年我国立法机关在修订《民事诉讼法》时冲破层层阻力和障碍增设了第三人撤销之诉,2015年最高人民法院通过《适用民事诉讼法解释》对其作出了更为细密精微的阐释与详尽明确的规范。我国第三人撤销之诉制度系由诉讼主体、客体、起诉期限、管辖法院、运行程序等内容要素构造而成,既参酌域外又独具匠心,但由于各种主客观原因,尚存在一些瑕疵与纰漏。本文从完善立法体例、扩大原告主体范围、健全防控机制等方面提出了针对性的建议。

Under the social background of frequent occurrence of malicious litigation and false litigation,based on the French and Taiwan region of China’s relevant legal system and taking into account basic national conditions of our country,in 2012 China revised “Civil Procedure Law” for the first time,and the withdrawing procedure by the third party was added into the framework of civil litigation system; and in 2015 in the “explanation” for the civil procedure law has made further detailed provisions.the withdrawing procedure by the third party system is composed of the applicable subject,the object of litigation,the time limit for prosecution,the court of jurisdiction,the applicable procedure and so on.However,because of various subjective and objective factors,there are still many defects and problems.This paper puts forward some pertinent suggestions from the aspects of perfecting the legislative body,expanding the scope of the plaintiff and improving the prevention and control mechanism.