陆源污染生态损害评估及其补偿标准研究——以象山港为例

Study on evaluation of ecological damage and compensation standard of land: based pollution in the Xiangshan Bay

陆源污染是半封闭海湾环境恶化的主要原因,评估海湾地区陆源污染的生态损害,对目前迫切需要制定的海洋生态损害补偿政策以及生态修复计划具有重要的现实意义。本文以象山港为研究区域,运用生态恢复评估与生态服务价值评估相结合的方法,构建陆源污染生态损害评估模型,进行陆源污染对海湾生态服务损害评估与补偿标准研究。结果显示:(1)象山港陆源污染造成的生态服务损害价值为38 342.81万元,执行损害评估的费用约为20万元;以生态损害评估的总费用作为补偿标准,生态补偿费用共计38 362.81万元,单位面积补偿价值为0.42万元/hm^2·a。(2)象山港陆源污染所导致的海洋生态系统初始性修复成本为零,恢复期内损害价值主要以养分循环和净化环境为主,分别为19 740.72万元和13 938.13万元;美学景观损害价值为3 798.59万元,占比为9.91%;生物多样性维持损害价值598.66万元,占比为1.56%;食物生产的损害价值最小,为266.72万元。

Land-based pollution is the main cause of marine environmental degradation in the closed and semi-enclosed bay. It is of great practical significance to evaluate the ecological damage caused by land-based pollution in the bay area. Taking the Xiangshan Bay as the research area, using methods of ecological restoration evaluation and ecological service value evaluation, constructing the evaluation model of land source pollution ecological damage, this paper studied the evaluation and compensation standard of land-based pollution damage to the ecological services in the bay. The results showed that:(1) The value of ecological service damage caused by land source pollution in the Xiangshan Port was 383.4281 million RMB/a, and the cost of carrying out damage assessment was about 200 thousand RMB. Taking the total cost of ecological damage assessment as the compensation standard, the total cost of ecological compensation was 383.6281 million RMB/a, and the compensation value per unit area was 4200 RMB/hm^2·a.(2) The cost of the initial restoration of marine ecosystem caused by land-based pollution in the Xiangshan Bay was zero. During the recovery period, the damage value was mainly based on nutrient cycling and purification environment, which were 197.407 2 million RMB and 139.3813 million RMB respectively. The aesthetic landscape damage value was 37.9859 million RMB, accounting for 9.91%. The value of maintenance of biodiversity damage was 5.9866 million RMB, accounting for 1.56%. The least damaging value of food production was 2.6672 million RMB.