美国国家公园资源管理体制构建模式研究

Research on the Model of American National Park Resource Stewardship System Construction

美国国家公园管理模式的先进之处,不仅在于其具有系统完善的法律制度保障体系,还有其统一、规范、高效的管理体制能灵活应对社会环境持续变化所带来的不可预测危机的预防性和适应性,是美国国家公园管理局(NPS)管理体制最大的优点。100年来,NPS不断从管理实践中吸取经验,结合权威的科学研究成果,逐渐总结出了一套高效的资源管理体制模式。从NPS管理体制的百年发展史中着重梳理和总结NPS资源管理决策制定和体制构建的科学方法,旨在为中国国家公园管理体制的建设提供一定参考。

The advancement of American national park management mode,is not only in its perfect laws,but also in regulations and rules for the unified management system.The management system has precautionary and adaptability,which could respond to unpredictable crises brought about by the continual changes in the social environment.The characteristics described above are the advantage of NPS management.For a century,NPS has gradually summed up a set of efficient resource management modes by absorbing experience from management practice and combining authoritative scientific research results.Summarizing the scientific method of NPS resource management decision-making and system construction from NPS management systems'one-century developing history aims to provide some reference for the construction of China's national park management system.