中国琀蝉玉器文化:蝉形玉器的历史演进

Chinese“Han Chan”Jade Culture:Evolution Process of Cicada Jade

琀蝉是中国古代墓葬玉器品类中的一个重要组成部分。在汉代政治、经济、文化的影响下,琀蝉这一器形带有鲜明的时代特征,其伴随着汉代墓葬制度的兴盛达到了高峰,也随着墓葬制度的改变而消失。笔者对琀蝉这一器型在汉代墓葬制度中如何被确立以及其造型的依据等问题进行思考、探讨,从其历史地位、造型特征出发,通过对当时文化、生活等方面的特点来解读琀蝉在不同时期工艺技术、纹样特征和文化内涵的演进过程,以及两汉时期,琀蝉在儒家、道家、佛家的思想影响下是如何被确立为不可缺少的随葬器物的。

The“Han chan”is an important part of the jade article of cicada shape in ancient Chinese tombs.It has distinct characteristics of the times under the influence of politics,economy and culture in Han Dynasty.The“Han chan”was developed to the peak with the prosperity of the tomb system in Han Dynasty,however it also disappeared with change of the tomb system.As for the“Han chan”research,there are still many questions about the shape principles and its importance in the tomb system in Han Dynasty.The author tried to discuss those questions on the base of historical status and shape features,The development process of craft,pattern and cultural connotation of“Han chan”were analyzed and it was also elaborated how the“Han chan”became a necessity in Han Dynasty under the Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism thought.