随机产出下合作社型农产品供应链容纳能力与结构研究

A Study of Capacity and Structure of Agricultural Product Supply Chain with Cooperatives under Random Yield

针对我国农产品产销存在的因农户和合作社分散林立、混乱竞争而造成的农产品供应链成员利益受损等问题,建立了由企业主导的"农户+合作社+企业"型三级农产品供应链竞争博弈模型。在求解出水平Cournot数量竞争和纵向Stackelberg博弈均衡解的基础上,提出3种农户容量选择策略,并进一步探讨了下游成员参与博弈的竞争空间和供应链容纳能力。结果表明:合作社利润最优策略优于社会福利最优策略,供应链总利润最优策略在一定区间范围内优于合作社最优策略;下游成员参与博弈的竞争空间存在上界组合和下界组合,且上界组合是农产品供应链的均衡结构,也是供应链的最大容纳能力;合作社利润最优策略使企业有更大的竞争空间,社会福利最优策略使合作社具有更大的竞争空间。

A three-stage agricultural product supply chain competition and game model including farmers and agricultural cooperatives is developed which is dominated by the enterprise.Three kinds of farmer capacity selection strategies are proposed based on the horizontal Cournot competition and vertical Stackelberg game equilibrium solution,and the competition space of the downstream members participating in the game and the capacity of the supply chain are discussed.The results show that the strategy of optimal cooperatives profit is superior to the strategy of optimal social welfare,and the strategy of optimal total profit of supply chain is better than the strategy of optimal cooperatives profit in a certain range.The competition space of the downstream members participating in the game has an upper bound and a lower bound.The structure of the agricultural supply chain comes to equilibrium and the supply chain comes to the largest capacity under the upper bound.The strategy of optimal cooperatives profit gives the enterprises more competition space and the optimal social welfare strategy gives the cooperatives more competition space.