社会结构:制度性三位一体

Institutional Trinity: An Explanation of Social Structure

社会作为人为组合体是一种特殊形态的主体,有自己的意志和活动,揭示社会的本质性结构只宜由此切入,而以往的社会结构论都不是这样做的。社会的活动是将人们的活动变成自己的活动实现的,据此社会结构就是社会制度、制度意识形态和制度保障机器的三位一体,它们均由社会制度安排者建构。因对人的活动起次要作用的非正式规则也有类似的三位一体,故社会整体结构是规则性三位一体,制度性三位一体是其核心结构,其中的社会制度又是最终决定因素。它不仅决定社会运行,也决定社会的形态和性质,于是社会的一般规律就是有什么样的社会制度及变化,就有什么样的社会及其演化。

A society,as a man-made system of human beings, is a special subject and has its own will and activities. So any attempt to discover its essential structure should start from admitting this point. A society s activities are realized through transforming different individuals activities. Therefore social structure is a trinity of social institutions or formal social rules,institutional ideologies and guaranteeing machines of various institutions. Since informal social rules which play subordinate role in determining individual activity also have such a similar trinity form,we can say that the overall social structure is a trinity of rules,and its core part is the institutional trinity whose ultimate determinant are the social institutions or the formal social rules.