清末民国小学语文教材演进研究

Study on the Evolution of Chinese Textbooks in Primary Schools in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early 20th Century

清末民国是我国小学语文教材发端与形成时期,其演进与中国社会的近代化转型紧密相连。清末民国时期,我国小学语文教材历经蒙学变革时期、国文教科书时期与国语教科书时期三个阶段,在近代社会变革的影响下完成了从近代蒙学读本到现代教科书、从文言文到白话文、从成人主体到儿童主体的转型,为我国当代小学语文教材的发展奠定了坚实的基础。从清末民国小学语文教材的发展历程,可以看到,不同历史阶段的小学语文教材体现着不同阶段的时代特征与教育价值观。研究清末民国小学语文教材的演进过程,有助于认知当儿童教育被赋予民族拯救的希冀时,语文教材与民族国家意识之间的特殊关系,有助于理解社会、政治等因素对小学语文教材发展的影响。这种认知与理解对于当今小学语文教材的编撰与教学有着重要的意义。

The late Qing and Minguo time was the beginning and formation period of Chinese textbooks in primary schools in China. During this period,the transition of Chinese textbooks for primary schools went through three stages,that is,enlightenment education textbooks,Guowen Chinese textbooks,Guoyu Chinese textbooks. Under the influence of social reforms in modern China,we have changed the Chinese textbooks from enlightenment textbooks to modern textbooks,from the writings in classical style to the vernacular,from adults’ to children’s subjects,which laid a solid foundation for the development of contemporary elementary school language teaching material in our country. From the development of Chinese textbooks in primary schools in the late Qing dynasty and the republic of China,we can see that,its evolution was closely related to the modernization of Chinese society. Different historical stages of Chinese textbooks in primary schools embody the age characteristics and values of education in various historical stages. Study on the evolution of Chinese textbooks in primary schools not only helps us recognize the special relationship between education and the national consciousness when the primary education had been endowed with national saving,but also helps us to understand the social,political and other factors with influence on the development of Chinese textbooks in primary schools. This kind of cognition and understanding is of great significance to compiling and teaching Chinese textbooks in primary schools.