合作共赢四十年——中美关系的回眸和前瞻

Forty Years of Win-Win China-U.S. Cooperation:Review and Outlook

中美关系正常化40年来,两国之间有分歧、有摩擦,但共同利益远大于分歧,两国关系一直是向前发展的。进入新世纪,中美关系在全球治理中的分量越来越大。合作共赢是两国40年关系的主旋律,是两国关系的本质。两国都从一个健康、稳定的双边关系中得到了巨大的好处,也促进了世界的和平、稳定和繁荣。中国从中美关系中的获益主要表现在帮助构建对现代化建设有利的国际环境、促进经济增长、反对"台独"势力的分裂活动、人文交流四个方面。美国同样是中美关系的受益者,这主要表现在反对国际恐怖主义及防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散、增进经济利益、共同应对气候变化、人文交流四个方面。特朗普政府的《国家安全战略报告》《国家防务战略报告》把中国定位为"修正主义国家""战略竞争者",美方还挑起贸易摩擦,这些都说明美国对华政策正在发生实质性转变,中美关系进入了战略转型期。但是,中美关系不会走向新冷战。中方要冷静、沉着地加以应对,努力缓和摩擦,管控竞争,把两国关系中的积极因素充分发挥出来。维护中美关系的大体稳定仍是可能的。

In the past four decades since the normalization of bilateral relations there have been disputes and frictions between China and the United States, but common interests far outweigh differences. Entering the new century, China-U.S. cooperation has played a more prominent role in effective global governance. Win-win cooperation has been the defining feature of the Sino-American relationship. Both countries have benefited enormously from healthy and stable interactions, and at the same time contributed to peace, stability, and prosperity of the whole world. From Beijing’s perspective, a generally peaceful international environment favorable to spectacular economic growth, bilateral consensus against Taiwan independence in any form, and increasing cultural and people-to-people exchanges are the principal benefits China derived from a stable Sino-American relationship. From Washington’s perspective, concerted efforts to combat terrorism and climate change and prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the huge China market, and closer intercultural interactions also benefit the United States. The designation of China as a revisionist power and strategic competitor in the latest National Security Strategy and National Defense Strategy, and the recent trade dispute are clear indications of a major shift in U.S. China policy. Although China-U.S. relations have entered a period of strategic transformation, the two powers are not engaged in a new cold war. In the face of great geopolitical and geoeconomic uncertainties, it is still possible to promote a generally peaceful bilateral relationship so long as Beijing can maintain its strategic perseverance, ease frictions and manage competition or even confrontation, and magnify positive factors in bilateral ties.