饱水木质文物的风冷干燥脱水研究

Study of the air-cooled drying method for waterlogged wooden cultural relics

许多出土饱水木质文物因其降解严重、含水率较高,容易在脱水过程中出现不可逆的收缩变形以及开裂现象,从而遭到严重破坏。因此,饱水木质文物脱水方法的研究是文物保护工作中的重要课题。为探究风冷冷冻法对饱水木质文物脱水的效果,以一批无法复原的出土饱水木质文物为研究对象,在对其材种、含水率、基本密度及化学成分进行了测定和分析后,使用一台风冷电冰箱在-18℃条件下对样品进行了风冷干燥脱水处理,记录脱水时间和脱水效果,并分析了该方法的传质传热特点,证明了风冷干燥法用于饱水木质文物的脱水干燥能够取得良好效果,并且具有对文物干预小、适用性广、操作简便、成本低廉等优点,为饱水木质文物的脱水处理提供了一种新的思路。

Many excavated waterlogged wooden cultural relics suffer from degradation and have very high moisture contents due to the organic components they contained;because of this,they can easily collapse,crack or deform during the drying process.Therefore,study of dehydration technologies for waterlogged wooden cultural relics has become an important topic in the conservation field.In order to study the effectiveness of the air-cooled drying method,we conducted experiments on a collection of waterlogged wooden cultural relics.After identifying the species of wood and determining the moisture contents,basic densities and chemical compositions,we used an air-cooled refrigerator to freeze-dry the selected samples at -18℃,recorded the required time and effects of this drying method and analyzed the heat and mass transfer characteristics at a basic level.We conclude that the air-cooled drying method gives good results and has wide applicable for dehydration of waterlogged wooden cultural relics.In addition,it is also characterized by low costs and easy handling.