五种清代内府刻书用纸样品纤维显微分析与鉴别

Microscopic analysis and identification of five kinds of Qing Dynasty engraving papers

清内府刻书所用"开化纸"的来源和纤维成分在学界一直有很大争议,近年有学者将档案和现存古籍比较,发现清代"开化纸"实为"连四纸","开化榜纸"实为"泾县榜纸",皆出自安徽泾县。通过分析4种清代"开化纸"和1种"开化榜纸"残片样品的纤维显微图,从纤维形态、纤维宽度、纤维纹理、胶质膜、晶体形状等各个角度鉴别古纸样品和对照样品的微观特征。结果表明:5种残片样品纤维成分皆为纯青檀皮,这一结论跟文献史料考证结果相吻合;清代内府刻书用"开化纸"和"开化榜纸"很可能为来自安徽泾县的纯青檀皮纸。

The origin and ingredients of Kaihua paper used for imperial printed books of the Qing Dynasty have long been controversial issues in the academic world.In recent years,some scholars have compared archives and existing ancient books,finding that the Qing Dynasty “Kaihua paper” is actually “Liansi paper” and that “Kaihuabang paper” actually “Jingxianbang paper”.Both papers come from Jingxian County of Anhui Province.In our study,we analyzed the fiber micrographs of the residual fragments from four kinds of Kaihua paper and one kind of Kaihuabang paper,and compared the microscopic features of the ancient samples with those of a control sample from the perspectives of fiber morphology,fiber width,fiber grain,gum coating and crystal morphology.The results suggest that the fibers of the five residual fragments are all derived from wingceltis bark only,which is consistent with the results of research on historical materials.According to the mutually-verified conclusions,the so-called Kaihua paper and Kaihuabang paper used for imperial printed books of the Qing Dynasty could well be wingceltis paper from Jingxian County,Anhui Province.