简析第巴·桑结嘉措与拉藏汗的权力角逐

The Power Struggle Between Sde-pa Sang-rGyas-rGya-mTsho and lHazang Khan

清代,以五世达赖喇嘛阿旺罗桑嘉措为首西藏的上层贵族与蒙古和硕特汗王固始汗合作建立了"甘丹颇章"政权。此后,固始汗为了巩固自己的权力,沿用和革新了传统的职官制度,在西藏地方政府内设置了"第巴"一职,意为藏王。时过境迁,到第五代第巴·桑结嘉措掌权时,拉藏汗荣登蒙古汗王,但权力角逐异常激烈,彼此为达到自己的目的不择手段,都想为本集团的利益最大化。近些年来,关于此研究多人云亦云,本人将依据藏汉文各种史料记载,对清政府及蒙古汗王、西藏上层贵族三角政治关系之间的权力博弈进行比较研究。

During the Qing dynasty, the upper aristocracy of Tibet and Hoshot Khan of Mongolia established dGa-lDan Ph'oDrang Regime with the cooperation of Sde-pa Sang-rgyas-rgya-mtsho and Gushri Khan. Afterwards, in order to consolidate and disperse the power of Gushri Khan, SDe-pa Sang-rGyas-rGya-mTsho adopted and reformed the traditional official system. The newly reformed system was named Sde-pa, which means regent king. Until Sde-pa came to power and Gushri Khan became Khan of the Mongolian army, there existed power struggle among the interest groups. Yet, the reason is to maximize their interests. Due to the differences in various recorded historical material, the previous studies regarding the subject were mostly in the same category. In this study, the author according to the different historical materials discusses the power struggle among the Qing government, the Mongolian khans and the upper aristocracy of Tibet in history.