机构改革背景下的海关行政处罚权整合探究

A Study on the Integration of Customs Administrative Punishment Power under the Background of Institutional Reform

2018年3月,十三届全国人大一次会议审议通过了《国务院机构改革方案》,自改革开放以来的第八次国务院机构改革拉开序幕。此次改革中,出入境检验检疫职能和队伍划入海关总署,以期进一步转变优化职能,建设通关效率更高、通关成本更低、监管更严密、服务更优化的中国特色社会主义新海关。行政处罚是行政机关给予管理相对人最严厉的行政制裁,也是法律赋予关检系统共有的职权。本文以此次机构改革为背景,以实现海关行政处罚权的统一规范为切入点,旨在为全面推进机构改革和职能整合提供参考。

In March 2018,The 1 st Meeting of the 13 th National People's Congress of PRC discussed and passed the Plan on the State Council Institutional Reform,which marks the beginning of the 8 th round of institutional reform since reform and opening up.During this round of reform,China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine(CIQ) was merged into the General Administration of China Customs for the purpose of optimizing the function and building a new customs with Chinese socialistic characteristics featuring higher efficiency,lower cost,and better service in clearance.Administrative punishments,as the most severe administrative sanction imposed on private sector by authorities,is a shared power endowed by law to both China Customs and CIQ.Under the background of institutional reform,this paper departs from standardization of customs administrative punishment power and aims to provide reference for promoting institutional reform and functional integration.