污染环境罪主观要件研究:综述与展望

Research into Subjective Elements of Crimes of Environmental Pollution: Summary and Prospect

关于污染环境罪主观要件的解释,学界主要有过失说、故意说和混合说3种观点,司法实践中也观点不一,有同案不同判现象。这3种观点均有值得反思之处。在立法未修改之前,为避免刑法第15条第2款规定被架空,从而有违罪刑法定原则,当下污染环境罪主观要件之应然解释应采更加接近刑法正义的故意说。今后污染环境罪主观要件研究应从解释论和立法论两个维度展开。前者要进一步研究刑法第15条第2款"法律有规定"的法律内涵,后者则要在比较法研究的基础上对是否处罚过失犯、过失犯是否应明文予以规定、过失犯法定刑应如何设置等3个问题展开立法完善研究。

With regard to the explanation of the subjective elements of the crime of environmental pollution,there are mainly three kinds of views in academia: negligence theory,intentional theory and mixed theory.In addition,there are also different views in judicial practice.Therefore,different verdict appears pertaining to the same case.It is worthwhile to reflect on such viewpoints.In order to prevent the criminal law from being elevated and thus violating the principle of legality before the legislation is amended,the subjective elements should be interpreted to the intentional theory which is closer to the justice of criminal law.The research into the subjective elements of the crime of environmental pollution in the future should be carried out from two dimensions of explanatory theory and legislative theory.The former needs to further study the legal connotation of the 2^nd term of Article 15 of the Criminal Law,which states that “laws have provisions”.The latter,on the basis of the study of comparative law,makes a study to improve legislation on the following aspects: the punishment of negligence offenders; the stipulation of negligence offense; the sentence of negligence offenders.