“双一流”背景下地区高等教育效率的驱动因素——基于DEA-Tobit模型的实证分析

Driving Factors of Regional Higher Education Efficiency under the Background of “double top”——based on the empirical analysis of DEA-Tobit model

在"双一流"建设背景下,实现高等教育从"外延式"向"内涵式"发展转变,提升高等教育的资源配置效率十分地重要。文章基于相关研究,提出教育经费、人力资本和地区经济社会外部环境三大类型影响因素的相关假定,并利用DEA-Tobit模型来探究这三大类型对高等教育效率的影响。实证结果显示:经费投入水平和地区人均受教育程度与纯技术效率具有正向关系,但对综合效率的影响取决于纯技术效率和规模效率影响的叠加;教育资源配置结构和人员结构对高等教育综合效率具有正向关系,且人员结构对技术效率和规模效率也都具有正向作用;地区经济发展水平对综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率具有正向作用。为此,本文提出建议,我国应优化教育经费投入结构,加大高等教育人才引进力度,推动高等院校体制改革,发挥微观主体积极作用,在统筹全国范围高校建设的同时,注重对各省份内部各地区教育资源的合理分配。

Under the background of"double top"construction,it is very important to realize the transformation and development of higher education from"extension"to"connotation",and to improve the resource allocation efficiency of higher education.Based on relevant researches,this paper proposes the assumption that there are three types of influencing factors:education funds,human capital and regional economic and social external environment,and then uses DEA-Tobit model to explore the influence of these three types on the efficiency of higher education.The empirical results show that the level of investment and the level of education per capita have a positive correlation with the pure technical efficiency,but the influence on the comprehensive efficiency depends on the superposition of the pure technical efficiency and the scale efficiency.Education resource allocation structure and personnel structure have a positive correlation with the comprehensive efficiency of higher education,and personnel structure also has a positive effect on technical efficiency and scale efficiency.Regional economic development level has positive effects on comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.Therefore,this paper proposes that China should optimize the structure of education funds,increase the introduction of higher education talents,promote the institutional reform of higher institutions,make full use of the positive role of micro-subjects,and pay attention to the reasonable allocation of education resources in various provinces and regions while coordinating the construction of nationwide universities.