水钾耦合对烤烟生长、产量和质量的影响

Coupling of Water and Potassium on Flue-cured Tobacco's Growth, Yield and Quality

为节约肥料成本、改善烟叶品质,在凉山州烟区进行了滴灌条件下不同钾肥施用量对烤烟农艺性状、烟叶经济性状和质量性状影响的研究。结果表明,施钾对打顶期农艺性状指标影响程度大于揭膜培土期,中部叶片SPAD值随生育期渐进呈下降趋势,以667 m^2施钾量为14 kg时降幅最大,降幅达32.36%。与不施钾肥处理比较,每667 m^2施钾量为14 kg时,烟叶的各种综合指标均优于其他处理,烟叶产量增加12.39%,产值增加10.72%;上等烟叶所占比例最高,达50.28%;该处理的上等烟和中等烟含钾量也最高。因此,凉山州烤烟种植时水肥耦合条件下每667 m^2施用14 kg钾肥比较合理。

In order to save fertilizer costs and improve the quality of tobacco leaf, the research on the influences of different potassium fertilizer rate on the agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco, tobacco economy and quality characters was carried out under drip irrigation in Liangshan tobacco district. The results showed that the potassium application had a larger influence on agronomic traits at the topping stage than those at film uncovering and ridging stage. The SPAD value of the middle leaf gradually decreased with the growth period. The largest drop occurred with the potassium application of 14 kg/667m^2, and the decreasing amplitude reached 32.36%. Compared with no potassium application, various comprehensive standards of tobacco are superior to all other treatments. With the potassium application of 14 kg/667m^2, the tobacco production increased by 12.39% and the output increased by 10.72%. Besides, the high-quality tobacco had the highest proportion of 50.28%, and the high-quality tobacco and middle grade tobacco had the highest potassium contents. Therefore, the potassium fertilizer application of 14 kg/667m^2 in growing flue-cured tobacco in Liangshan prefecture is proper.